Internship topics

• Moral theory of contracts and legal theory of contracts 
• Doctrine of Uberrimae / Doctrine of utmost good faith
• Effect of minor’s agreement 
• Breach of contract 
• Summary of specific relief act, 1963
• Specific performance of contract

• Rights and liabilities of indemnity holder
• The contract of guarantee and its essential elements
• Rights and liabilities of surety
• Rights and liabilities of co-sureties
• Discharge of surety
• Continuing guarantee under Indian contract act
• Rights and duties of bailor
• Rights and duties of bailee
• General lien and particular lien

• Contract of pledge and its essential elements 
• Rights and duties of pawner
• Rights and duties of pawnee

• Contract of agency and its elements
• Creation of agency 
• Kinds of agency 
• Delegation of authority / delegatus non potest delegare
• Doctrine of ratification under law of agency 
• Relations of principal and agent with the third parties
• Termination of agency 

• Test of partnership / mode of determining the existence of partnership
• Difference between partnership at will and particular partnership
• Rights and liabilities of partners with the third parties under Indian partnership act,1932
• Reconstitution of a partnership firm
• Registration of partnership firms and effects of non-registration

• Summary of negotiable instruments act, 1881
• The negotiable instruments under negotiable instruments act, 1881
• Bill of exchange and cheque under NI act, 1881
• Rightful dishonour of a cheque / circumstances under which a cheque can be dishonoured 
• Dishonour of cheque under NI act, 1881
• Bouncing of cheque under NI act, 1881
• Endorsement of a Negotiable instrument
• Kinds of endorsement of a negotiable instrument 

• Summary of sale of goods act, 1930
• Formation of a contract of sale
• Implied conditions and warranties under sale of goods act, 1930
• express conditions and warranties under sale of goods act, 1930
• Doctrine of nemo dot quod habet
• Sale of goods by a non-owner
• Rights and duties of seller under sale of goods act, 1930
• Hire purchase agreement

• Formation or cessation of a new state under constitution of India

• Provisions for reservations under constitution of India

• Freedom of trade under constitution of India
• Protection against self incrimination under article 20 (3)
• Due process of law and procedure established by law
• Preventive detention and constitution of India
• Cultural and educational rights under article 29 and 30
• Relationship between land reforms and article 31-A, 31-B & 31-C

• Union executive – articles 52-78 & 123

• Constitutional provisions relating to the president of India

• President of India – Article 52-62 of Indian constitution

• Impeachment process of president of India

• The vice-president of India – Article 63-69 of constitution of India

• The attorney general of India – article 76 of constitution of India

• Concept of collective responsibility under constitution of India

• Council of ministers – articles 74 & 75 of constitution of India

• Relationship between president and prime minister of India

• Parliamentary form of government & presidential form of government

• Governor of a state – Power, Tenure, Qualifications, Appointment

• Constitutional provisions relating to parliament of India- articles 79 – 122

• Tenth schedule of constitution of India – anti defection law 

• How a bill is passed in Indian parliament 

• Legislative procedure of parliament – articles 107 – 122 of constitution

• Provisions relating to money bill – articles 109 – 110

• Functioning of the parliament of India

• Appointment of the judges of supreme court

• Constitution of the supreme court of India

• Constitution of the high courts in the states 

• Powers and jurisdiction of the high courts of the states

• Public interest litigation 

• The constitutional provisions that safeguard the independence of judiciary 

• Judicial accountability

• Financial relations between centre and state

• The finance commission of India – composition & functions

• The doctrine of repugnancy in the constitution of India – art 254

• The doctrine of residuary powers in constitution of India

• The doctrine of immunity of instrumentalities 

• The doctrine of occupied field

• Centre-State Relations in India – Legislative, Administrative and Financial

• The power of the union and the states to carry on trade – article 298

• The liability of state in contracts under article 299

• The liability of state in tort/ suits and proceedings under article 300

• The constitutional provisions relating to the vicarious liability of the state

• The right to property under article 300A of constitution of India

• Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse – constitution of India – article 301 – 307

• The doctrine of pleasure under constitution of India

• Public service commission – composition, powers and functions

• President rule/state emergency under article 356 of Indian constitution – proclamation & impacts

• Impact of proclamation of emergency on the fundamental rights 

• The procedure and kinds of amendments – constitution of India

• The doctrine of prospective overruling – constitution of India

• 44th Amendment to the Constitution of India: An overview
• 73rd Amendment to the Constitution of India: An overview
• 74th Amendment to the Constitution of India: An overview

• Magna negligentia culpa est, magna culpa dolus est – fault in law of torts

• Liability without fault / No fault liability – law of torts

• Occupier’s liability for dangerous premises under law of torts

• torts affecting persons – law of torts

• Malicious prosecution/ abuse of legal proceedings – law of torts

• Subjective theory of negligence and objective theory of negligence

• Modes of extinction of liability in torts

• Accord and satisfaction of a tortious liability

• Remedies against tortious liability –  judicial & extra judicial remedies

• General principles of damages – kinds of damages

• Quantum of damages / measurement of damages in a case of tort

• Test of directness & test of reasonable foresight under law of torts

• The motor accidents claims tribunal – composition, powers & functions under MV Act

• Kinds of insurance under the motor vehicles act, 1988

• Rights of third parties in the motor accidents under the insurance act

• Claim before the motor accidents claims tribunal – motor vehicles act, 1988

• The UN guidelines on the consumer protection

• The salient features of the consumer protection act, 1986

• Rights of the consumers under the consumer protection act, 1986

• Unfair trade practices under the consumer protection act, 1986

• Defect in goods and deficiency of services under the consumer protection act, 1986

• Medical negligence under the consumer protection act, 1986\

• Consumer disputes redressal mechanism under the consumer protection act, 1986

• District consumer forum – composition, jurisdiction and powers

• National commission under the consumer protection act – composition and powers

• State commission under the consumer protection act – composition and powers

• Different Approaches towards the Study of Jurisprudence

• Jurisprudence & Other Social Sciences: Evaluating the Interrelation

• Advantages and disadvantages of administration of justice

• Schools of jurisprudence

• Philosophical school of jurisprudence

• John Austin’s Analytical Approach to Positive Law

• John Austin’s imperial theory of law and criticisms

• Bentham’s theory of law and its criticisms

• Roscoe Pound’s theory of social engineering 

• Savigny’s theory of Volksgeist – Historical school 

• Advantages and disadvantages of Legislation

• delegated legislation and conditional legislation – differences 

• Merits and demerits of codification of laws

• Meaning and important rules of interpretation of laws

• Golden rule of interpretation & mischief rule of interpretation

• Kinds of precedents 

• Authoritative precedent and persuasive precedent

• Original precedent and declaratory precedents

• Conditions destroying or weakening the binding force of precedent

• Requisites or essentials of a valid custom

• difference between custom and usage

• Legal rights – definition & characteristics

• Concept of rights and duties under jurisprudence

• Relationship between rights and duties

• Classification / kinds of legal rights

• Hohfeld’s Theory of Jural Relations 

• Right in rem and right in personam

• Ownership: Definition, Concept and Kinds

• Modes of acquisition of ownership

• Essential characteristics of ownership

• Possession: Definition, essentials & kinds

• Essential elements of possession

• Possession in law and possession in fact

• Possessory remedies

• Kinds of property

• Modes of acquisition of property  

• Title: definition, kinds and modes of acquisition

• Investitive facts and divestitive facts

• Person: definition and kinds

• Theories of corporate personality 

• Double capacity and double personality 

• Theories of juristic personality 

• Liability : meaning and kinds

• Liability for mis-statements

• Act, intention and motive

• Jus necessitatis

• Mistake of fact and mistake of law

• Theories of punishment

• Administration of Justice in Madras, Bombay, Calcutta (1600-1726)
• Administration of Justice in Madras presidency before 1726
• Administration of Justice in Bombay presidency before 1726
• Administration of Justice in Calcutta presidency before 1726
• Charter of 1726 – uniform judicial system
• Development of courts and judicial institutions under east India company
• Adalat system of courts – 
• Defects of Regulating act of 1773
• Case of Kamaluddin (1775)
• Act of settlement 1781 – purpose & salient features
• The Judicial Plan of 1787 of Lord Cornwallis
• Judicial Plan of 1790 of Lord Cornwallis
• Judicial Scheme (or Plan) of 1793 of Lord Cornwallis
• JUDICIAL REFORMS OF SIR JOHN SHORE
• Charter of 1833
• The govenrment of India Act, 1858
• Indian councils act, 1892 – salient features
• Salient features of Indian bar councils act 1926

• Meaning and concept of property 
• Definitions and kinds of property
• difference between movable and immovable property
• Agreement to sell and agreement of sale
• Transfer of property – procedure & essentials of a valid transfer
• Registration procedure of a transfer of property
• Attestation – meaning and essentials 
• Notice – concept and its kinds under transfer of property act
• doctrine of fixture under transfer of property act, 1882 
• Transferable and non transferable property – transfer of property act, 1882
• Doctrine of Spes successionis – transfer of property act, 1882 
• Persons competent to transfer – transfer of property act, 1882

• Rule against inalienability – transfer of property act, 1882
• Transfer of property to unborn persons – TP Act, 1882
• Rule against perpetuity under property law
• direction for accumulation of income – transfer of property act
• vested interest and contingent interest under TP act
• Conditional transfers under Transfer of property act 1882
• Condition precedent and condition subsequent under TP Act

• The doctrine of election under transfer of property act 1882
• Doctrine of holding out under transfer of property act 1882
• Doctrine of feeding the grant by estoppel / Rule of estoppel
• Fraudulent transfer under transfer of property act 
• Doctrine of part performance – transfer of property act 
• Actionable claim under transfer of property act
• Doctrine of priority under property law

• Concept of mortgage under transfer of property act
• Concept of lease under transfer of property act
• Concept of gift under transfer of property act

• Sale of immovable property: Essentials of valid sale – TP Act
• Unpaid vendor’s lien – section 55 (4) of Transfer of Property Act
• Rights and liabilities of buyer and seller – sec 55 of TP Act
• Rule of Nemo dat quod non habet for sale of immovable property

• Definition and kinds of mortgage – Transfer of property act 1882
• Rights and liabilities of mortgagor – Transfer of property act 1882
• Rights and liabilities of mortgagee – Transfer of property act 1882
• Doctrine of clog on redemption – concept & exceptions 
• Rule of marshalling and contribution – TP Act 1882
• Doctrine of subrogation – Transfer of property act 1882
• Charge & its kinds – sec 100 of Transfer of property act 1882

• Lease: meaning, essential elements & kinds
• Difference between lease and license 
• Forfeiture of lease under Transfer of property act
• Rights and liabilities of lessor and lessee

• Essentials of a valid gift  – Transfer of property act
• Suspension or revocation of a gift
• Concept of onerous gift and universal donee

• Easement: Concept, Essential, Types 
• Kinds of easements under Indian Easements Act 1882
• Imposition, acquisition and transfer of easements
• Quasi easements and easements of necessity
• Perspective easements – Indian Easements Act 1882
• Customary Easements  – Indian Easements Act 1882
• Incidents of easements – Indian Easements Act 1882
• Extinction, suspension & revival of easements
• Concept of license under Indian Easements Act 1882

• Laws relating to domicile in India
• Testamentary succession under Indian succession act, 1925
• Concept and essential characters of a Will
• Who can make a will?
• Kinds of wills in India – Indian succession act, 1925
• Attestation, revocation, alteration & revivial of wills
• Provisions relating to construction of a will
• Void will or void bequest – Indian succession act, 1925
• Doctrine of cy pres
• Onerous  bequests – Indian succession act, 1925
• Contingent and conditional bequests -Indian succession act, 1925
• Specific and demonstrative legacy – Indian succession act, 1925
• Ademption of legacy under Indian succession act, 1925

• Salient features of Indian trusts act, 1882
• Essentials for creation of a valid trust – Indian trusts act
• Kinds of trusts under Indian trusts act
• Appointment of a trustee – Indian trusts act, 1882
• Duties and liabilities of a trustee – Indian trusts act, 1882
• Rights and powers of a trustee – Indian trusts act, 1882
• Disabilities of a trustee – Indian trusts act, 1882
• Rights and liabilities of a beneficiary under Indian trusts act

• Definition & characteristics of public limited company

• Definition & characteristics of private limited company

• Illegal association under companies act 2013

• Dormant company and defunct company

• Promoter of a company – role, duties and liabilities

• Restrictions upon the borrowing powers of a company

• Modes of acquisition of membership of a company

• Allotment of shares of a company

• Kinds of share capital – company law

• Power of company to purchase its own securities

• Debentures of a company – concept, types, advantages and disadvantages

• Acceptance of deposits by the companies

• Registration of charge under companies act 2013

• The management and administration of a company

• Meetings of a company – Essentials & kinds of Company meetings

• Procedure for the meetings and proceedings of a company

• Resolutions of a company and its kinds

• Accounts of the company as per the companies act 2013

• Company auditor – appointment, role & removal | companies act 2013

• Role of a director in a company – duties and powers

• Meetings of board: Procedures, Notice, Agenda, Requirements

• Inspection, inquiry and investigation under companies act 2013

• prevention of oppression and mismanagement – companies act, 2013

• compromises, arrangements and amalgamations – companies act, 2013

• Removal of names of companies from the register of companies

• Revival and rehabilitation of sick companies – companies act 2013

• Procedure of winding up of a company – companies act 2013

• Modes of winding up of a company

• Consequences/effects of winding up of a company

• Procedure before national company law tribunal

• Special courts under companies act 2013

• Criminal law remedies for the protection of environment 

• Provisions of Indian penal code for the protection of environment 

• Sustainable development and Indian judiciary

• UN Conference on Environment and Development ‘Earth Summit’ 1992

• Precautionary principle & its application in India
• Judicial activism and environmental protection in India

• Public interest litigation and protection of environment

• Landmark Judgments on Environmental Protection in India

• Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra & Ors. v. State of Uttar Pradesh & Ors

• S jagananth v. Union of India

• Samatha vs State Of Andhra Pradesh And Ors

• An overview of Water (prevention and control of pollution) Act 1974

• Powers And Functions Of Central And State Boards For Prevention And Control Of Water Pollution

• An overview of Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act 1981

• Powers And Functions Of Central And State Boards For Prevention And Control Of Air Pollution

• Wildlife (protection) Act 1972: An overview

• National board for wildlife – constitution, powers and functions

• Declaration of national park under wildlife protection act

• An overview of Indian Forest Act 1927

• An overview of the Forest (conservation) Act 1980

• National green tribunal Act 2010: an overview

HINDU LAW

• Schools of the Hindu law: Mitakshara & Dayabhaga

• Partition of hindu joint family property

• Doctrine of pious obligation and antecedent debts

• Vyavaharika and avyavaharika debts under hindu law

• Judicial separation under hindu law
• Cruelty as a ground of divorce – sec 13 of Hindu marriage act 1955

• Divorce by mutual consent under hindu law: concept & procedure

• Legitimacy of children out of void and voidable marriages

• Effects of adoption under sec 12 of hindu adoptions & maintenance act 1956

• Doctrine of factum valet

• Doctrine of relation back in hindu law

• Maintenance of daughter-in-law under hindu law

• Summary of hindu minority & guardianship act 1956

• Guardians under hindu law: kinds, powers & functions

• Theory of notional partition under hindu succession act 1956

• Succession to the property of a Hindu Male : hindu succession act 1956

• Doctrine of surrender of limited estate or women’s estate

• Succession to the property of a Hindu female 

• Changes made  by the hindu succession act 1956

• Summary of hindu succession amendment act 2005

• Right of dwelling house of a hindu – hindu succession act 1956

• Disqualification as to succession – hindu succession act 1956

• Testamentary Succession under hindu law

MUSLIM LAW

• Schools of muslim law
• Overview of Shariat act, 1937 – muslim law
• Definition, Nature and Scope of Muslim Marriage (Nikah)
• Void marriage or batil nikah under muslim law
• Irregular marriage or fasid nikah under muslim law
• Muta marriage under muslim law
• Distinction between Shia & Sunni Law of Marriage
• Doctrine of puberty under muslim law

• Concept of dower under muslim law
• Types of dower under muslim law
• Distinction between dower and dowry
• Enforcement of right to dower
• Dower under sunni and shia law

• Types of talaq – muslim law
• Dissolution of muslim marrige act 1939: An overview
• Acknowledgement of paternity under mulsim law
• Judicial separation under muslim law
• Distinction between sunni and shia law of divorce

• Minor and guardianship under muslim law
• Kinds of guardianship under muslim law
• Summary: muslim women (protection of rights on divorce) act 1986
• Concept of maintenance under muslim law

• Law of succession in muslim law
• Muslim law of inheritence under sunni law
• Muslim law of inheritence under shia law
• Difference between sunni and shia law of inheritance
• Doctrine of aul – muslim law of inheritence
• Doctrine of radd – muslim law of inheritence
• Doctine of aul and radd – muslim law of inheritence
• Disqualifications of heirs under muslim law of inheritence 

• Gift or hiba under muslim law: essentials,modes, revocation
• Kinds of gifts under muslim law
• Concept of Will or wasiyat under muslim law
• Wakf in Muslim Law: Concept,essentials, Creation, Registration
• Manager of a Wakf: Mutawalli – Appointment, Duty, Powers, Removal
• Salient features of the mussalman wakf validating act, 1913
• Life estate under muslim law
• Doctrine of pre-emption or shufaa under muslim law

Christian law, parsi law, Indian law of marriage and succession

• Christian law regarding marriage and divorce in India
• Essentials & procedure of christian marriage – Indian christian marriage act, 1872
• Salient features of Indian christian marriage act, 1872
• Grounds of divorce under christian law
• Indian divorce act, 1869: summary
• Rules of succession under christian law

• Marriage and divorce under parsi law
• Grounds of divorce under parsi law
• Rules of inheritance under parsi law

• Solemnization of marriage under special marriage act, 1954
• Grounds of divorce under special marriage act, 1954
• Differences between hindu marriage act,1955 & special marriage act, 1954

• Salient features of family courts act, 1984
• Role of conciliation in family disputes
• Protection of women from domestic violence act, 2005: summary

• Essential features of Indian succession act, 1925
• Intestate succession under Indian succession act, 1925

• Development and evolution of administrative law
• Transition from laissez faire to Social Welfare state
• Relation between constitutional law and administrative law
• Interpretation of Dicey’s Rule Of Law | Administrative law
• Indian constitutional provisions relating to Rule of law
• Applicability of rule of law in a mixed economy
• Separation of powers under Indian constitution
• Important judgements on separation of powers

• Concept and classification of administrative functions
• Difference between administrative and quasi-judicial functions
• Difference between administrative and legislative functions
• Reasons for the growth of delegated legislation in India
• Types of delegated legislation 
• Sub delegation in administrative law
• Delegatus non potest delegare – meaning and analysis
• Judicial control over delegated legislation 
• Legislative or parliamentary control over delegated legislation 
• Judicial control over administrative action 

• Rule against bias : principles of natural justice

• Remedies available against state for administrative actions 
• writ jurisdiction of supreme court and high court: comparison
• Distinction between article 32 and article 226
• Res judicata in India: meaning, nature and scope   
• Lokpal and lok ayukta act 2013: summary
• Doctrine of estoppel against the government

• Salient features of administrative tribunals act, 1985
• Administrative tribunals: structure, jurisdiction, procedure, powers
• Difference between administrative tribunals and courts
• Advantages and disadvantages of administrative tribunals
• Commission of inquiry act, 1952: An overview
• Commission of inquiry: constitution, appointment & powers
• An overview of prevention of corruption act, 1988

• Meaning and features of a public corporation 
• Objectives and advantages of public corporations
• Control over public corporations in India

• Central vigilance commission act, 2003: An overview
• Central vigilance commission: composition and functions
• Parliamentary committees in India: appointment, kinds & functions
• Laws relating to corruption in India
• Overview of whistleblower’s protection act,, 2014